POETRY
Created By:
Misyanti (0901050046)
PROGRAM
STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
FAKULTAS
KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITAS
MUHAMMADIYAH PURWOKERTO
2011
POETRY
There are Some Definition
of Poetry
• Poetry
is language with musical elements. Some experts maintain that poetry must
contain such literary elements as metaphor and simile. Others stress rhythm and
rhyme as the most essential parts of poetry. As with art itself, the definition of poetry is under constant debate.
• Emily Dickinson said, "If I read a book and it
makes my body so cold no fire ever can warm me, I know that is poetry;"
• Dylan Thomas said, "Poetry is
what makes me laugh or cry or yawn, what makes my toenails twinkle, what makes
me want to do this or that or nothing.“
In conclusion, Poetry is an
imaginative awareness of experience expressed through meaning, sound, and
rhythmic language choices so as to evoke an emotional response.
Poetry
has a long and elaborate history. The earliest forms of poetry were recited and
sung. With the passing years, it obtained a structured form that later evolved
into a free verse format. Poets dealing with different subjects and presenting
their ideas in different ways gave rise to various kinds of poetry. Let us look at the different types of poetry.
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Acrostic:
In acrostic poems, the first letters of each line of the poem are aligned
vertically to form a word. Generally, the word formed thus, is the subject of
the poem.
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Ballad:
Ballads are narrative poems that are supposed to be sung. The narrator usually
starts with a dramatic scene and relates the narrative with dialog and actions.
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Canzone:
The word canzone, which means, a song, signifies any simple song-like
composition. It is an Italian song or ballad.
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Cinquain:
Cinquain poems are five lines long. They do not rhyme.
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Concrete:
In this kind of poetry, the topographical arrangement of words supports the
meaning conveyed by the poem. The poems form a picture of the topic on which
they are centered.
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Couplet:
It is a very simple form of a verse, which contains two rhyming lines.
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Diamante:
This type of poetry is one of the simplest ones to write. The first line of a
diamante is a single word; the second line consists of two adjectives
describing that word, third line contains three words about the subject while
the fourth line contains four. The fifth line and the lines that follow consist
of a similar pattern of words describing the idea opposite to the subject of
the poem. It seems this kind of poetry writing is simple and interesting.
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Dramatic
Poetry: A drama that is written in the form of
verses to be recited or sung refers to the dramatic genre of poetry. This form
of poetry has evolved from Greek and Sanskrit literature.
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Epic
Poetry: This genre of poetry is a type of
narrative literature that narrates stories of mythological heroes. Homer’s
Iliad and Odyssey and the great Indian epics of Mahabharata and Ramayana are a
few of the noteworthy examples of epic poetry.
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Free
Verse: Free verses refer to the different
styles of poetry, wherein the poems do not carry a specific meter. Free verses
are a poet’s expressions, which are free from any rules or restrictions
pertaining to the rhyme schemes of the poem.
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Ghazal:
This form of poetry is popular in the Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Bengali
literature. It is characterized by five to fifteen couplets that have a refrain
at the end of every second line. Each couplet of a ghazal can stand
individually as each represents a distinct thought.
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Haiku:
It is an unrhymed form of poetry that is native to Japan. It contains three
sections that can be written in a single line, but are written in three lines
instead. The way it is broken into, is in essence the poetic effect of this
poetic form. This kind of poetry contains a cutting word, which is known as a
kireji and a season word, known as a kigo.
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Iambic
Pentameter: It is a relatively complex form of
poetry that uses syllables to bring in a musical element to the poems.
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Jintishi:
Native to China, Jintishi is a poetic form based on tonal patterns consisting
of the four tones of the classical Chinese language in every couplet. Jintishi
is composed of eight lines in four couplets, wherein two couplets depict
contrasting ideas but similar grammatical patterns. Du Fu, a poet of the 8th
century was an important name in the world of Jintishi.
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Limerick:
Limerick is one of the very popular kinds of poetry. A limerick is a funny little
poem with a rhyme scheme of ‘aabba’.
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Lyric
Poetry: Lyric poetry is of a personal nature,
wherein a poet expresses his/her perceptions and ideas through poetry. Lyric
poems deal with subjects like love, peace, loss and grief. T. S. Eliot is one
of the prominent names in lyric poetry.
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Minnesang:
It refers to the German tradition of writing lyrics and songs. It became widely
popular in the 12th century and continued until the 14th century. The poems
belonging to this kind of poetry revolve around the subject of love.
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Narrative
Poetry: This is a genre of poetry that involves
story-telling and is one of the very old forms of poetry. The content of these
types of poems is intended to appeal the masses. Ovid, William Langland,
Alexander Pope and Shakespeare are some of the notable figures in the field of
narrative poetry.
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Nursery
Rhymes: It is one of the most popular types of
poetry, especially a favorite of most of the kids. Nursery rhymes are short
poems written for children and are usually handed over from one generation to
another.
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Ode:
Originally developed by the Greek and Latin poets, Odes soon began to appear in
different cultures across the world. Odes possess a formal poetic diction and
deal with a variety of different subjects.
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Pantoum:
It is composed of quatrains, where the second and fourth lines of each verse
are repeated as the first and third lines of the next stanza.
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Pastourelle:
It refers to an old French lyrical form. The poems in this category have the
romance of a shepherdess as their central idea.
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Prose
Poetry: This genre of poetry blends prose and
poetry. It is very similar to a short story. However, its concise nature and
the use of metaphor in it are sufficient to classify it as a poetical form.
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Rondeau:
It consists of fifteen lines, which make use of two rhymes. It was a French
form of poetry.
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Ruba’i:
This form of poetry is written as a four-line verse. It is written by the poets
in Arabia and Persia.
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Satirical
Poetry: Sarcasm serves as a very powerful means
of expressing criticism. An insult can most strongly be expressed through
poetry. Romans have been using satirical poetry for political purposes.
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Sestina:
In this kind of poetry, there are six stanzas, each consisting of six lines
without an element of rhyme. The words that appear at the end of the lines in
the first stanza are repeated in other stanzas. A concluding stanza of three
lines wherein the repeating words reappear in a peculiar way is an important
characteristic of Sestina.
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Sijo:
It is a musical lyric popular among the Korean poets. It is written in three
lines with a pause in the middle of every line.
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Sonnet:
Derived from Occitan and Italian words meaning ‘a little song’, Sonnet was
originally a fourteen-line song that was based on a strict rhyme scheme and
structure. Shakespeare, who wrote 154 sonnets, was one of the most important
figures in the field of sonnets.
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Stave/Stev:
It is a form of lyrical poetry that is prominent in Scandinavia. Stave is the
English version of this kind of poetry.
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Tanka:
It is an unrhymed kind of poetry that originated in Japan. It came up as a
shorter version of the Japanese formal poetry and the poems of this type were
primarily based on personal themes. The emergence of Tanka dates back to the
Nara period. It became popular in the 13th century and is continues being
practiced till today.
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Verse
Fable: The poems that belong to this genre of
poetry consist of stories set into verses. Fables involving natural elements
and inanimate objects carrying a moral or message for the masses are expressed
through verses. Verse fables use different types of rhyming schemes.
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Villanelle:
The poems of this type consist of nineteen lines made up by five triplets and a
concluding quatrain. This form of poetry has received impetus since the late
19th century, giving rise to poets like Elizabeth Bishop and Dylan Thomas.
With
this, we covered a detailed list of the
different kind of poetry as also the various genres of poetry. Let us now
have a glimpse of the different types of
poetry categorized on the basis of the subjects they deal with.
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Baby
Poems: Babies are the sweetest creations of
nature. Buzzle brings you a collection of baby poems.
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Poems
on Birth and Death: Birth signifies a
brand new beginning while death marks the end of life; the end of everything.
See what these poets have to say through their poems about life and their birth
and death poems.
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Break
Up Poems: Breaking a relationship is always
painful. It takes moments to say "hello"
but ages to bid goodbye. Here are some break up experiences some poets have
shared through their break up poems.
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Children
and Teen Poetry: For you kids and teenagers out
there, here are separate sections of poems just for you all! Go through the
children’s poems and teen poetry.
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Dark
Poetry: Life is beautiful. But the negativities
like hatred, loneliness, depression and pain eclipse life’s beauty. Here are
some portraits of dark emotions, which poets from around the world have
sketched through their dark poetry and sad poems.
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Dream
Poetry: Poets are dreamers. They weave poems
from their world of dreams. Go through some good poems on dreams and fantasy.
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Family
Poems: Your family means the world to you.
Doesn’t it? Go through some family poems by some budding poets from the
different parts of the world.
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Funeral
Poems: Here is a collection of funeral poems
and articles about funeral poetry. Death ends life, leaving behind memories of
the dead. See the poets on Buzzle put across this emotion through their poems
in loving memory.
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Funny
Poems: Tickle your funny bone by going through
the funny poems. Laughs are good for health!
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Goodbye
Poems: Take a look at the collection of
goodbye poems.
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Love
Poems: Love is one of the most wonderful
feelings. Here are some love poems by poets on Buzzle. Share their experiences
of being in love.
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Nature
Poems: The beauties of nature have always
interested poetic minds. These nature poems by some budding poets around the
world are worth a read.
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Poems
about Life: Some say that life is a journey
while others call it an adventure. Here is what some poets have to say about
life through their poems on life.
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Poems
for Special Occasions: is Buzzle’s collection
of some beautiful poems for those special occasions in life. I am sure you will
enjoy reading these birthday poems as well as these wedding poems.
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Poems
on War and Peace: Wars personify grief
and destruction. Peace is what we yearn for. Listen to what these poets have to
say through their poems on war and peace.
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Relationship
Poems: Relationships form a crucial aspect of
life. It is these relationships that make life worth living. Here is a
collection of some relationship poems. Friendship is one of the most beautiful
relationships in life.
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Rite
of Passage and Identity Poems: Life is a
continuous process of learning. Life is about learning to live and knowing
yourself. Go through these poems on identity and rite of passage.
The
discussion about poetry does not end here. Buzzle’s section of poetry and poems
is a must-read. Having a glimpse of poetry just makes us realize that
literature hosts a huge collection of these exquisite kinds of poetry and a
legacy of many brilliant poets who enlivened the different poetic forms.
