MICRO TEACHING
Created By:
Misyanti (0901050046)
The english department
teacher training and education faculty
muhammadiyah university of purwokerto
2011
MICRO TEACHING
A. The Differences:
1.
Definition
of Teaching
At Penn State, teaching excellence is viewed as:
Ø
an academic process by which students
are motivated to learn in ways that make a sustained, substantial, and positive
influence on how they think, act, and feel;
Ø
a process that elevates students to a
level where they learn deeply and remarkably because of teacher attributes that
are outlined below.
2.
Micro
teaching is a term used to describe the teaching of a small amount of material
in a small amount of time to a small number of students.
3.
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the
aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next.
4.
Peer Teaching
Practice in which students take on a teaching role in a
school setting in order to share their knowledge with other students. Peer teaching involves students learning
from and with each other in ways which are mutually beneficial and involve
sharing knowledge, ideas and experience between participants. The emphasis is
on the learning process, including the emotional support that learners offer
each other, as much as the learning itself.
B. The Essences
1.
The Essence of Teaching
Learning is a change in behavior that relatively stable
due to practice aand experience. Real learning is characteristic that
distingushes humans and animas. Learning is doneby human beings is part of his
life, lasts a lifetime, anytime, and anywhere, wether at school, in a class,
the streets in an unspecified time before. However, one thing is certain that
human beings learn to do with faith and a purpose (Oemar Hamalik:2004: 154)
Learning is an experience, in the sense that learning occurs in the interaction
between the individual and the environment , either the physical and social
environment. Physical environment, such as books, props, environment, and
others. A good learning environment is stimulating and challenging environment
in learning ( Udin S. Winata Putra, dk : 2002 : 2.3)
Skiner ( dalam Mumamad Tohri : 2007 : 4)
argues that learning is a behavior. When people learn, the response will be
strong. If he did not study, the response will decreases. In learning, has
found the existence following:
a.
The chance occurrence
of the events that lead to the response of the learning;
b.
Response
Learning;
c.
Consequences
of such a response is strengthened.
As
with learning, teaching and even in essence is a process that regulates,
organizes existing environment surrounding the students so, as to foster and
encourage the students to do the learning process. On the next step, teaching
is the process of providing guidance or support to the students in the learning
process. Finally, if the essence of learning is changing, the nature of
teaching and learning is the process of setting undertaken by the teacher. In
teaching and learning activeties, teacher should consider the students’
individual differences, namely the biological, intellectual, and psychological.
2.
The Essence of Micro teaching
Microteaching is a training technique where by the teacher reviews a videotape of the lesson after each session, in
order to conduct a "post-mortem". Teachers find out what has worked,
which aspects have fallen short, and what needs to be done to enhance their
teaching technique. Invented in the mid-1960s at Stanford University by Dr.
Dwight Allen, micro-teaching has been used with success for several decades now, as a way to help
teachers acquire new skills.
Microteaching
is so called since it is analogous to putting the teacher under a microscope so
to say while he is teaching so that all faults in teaching methodology are
brought into perspective for the observers to give a constructive feedback. It
eliminates some of the complexities of learning to teach in the classroom
situation such as the pressure of length of the lecture, the scope and content
of the matter to be conveyed, the need to teach for a relatively long duration
of time (usually an hour) and the need to face large numbers of students, some
of whom are hostile temperamentally.
So, the
essence of Micro Teaching is to provides skilled supervision with an
opportunity to get a constructive feedback. To go back to the analogy of the
swimmer, while classroom teaching is like learning to swim at the deeper end of
the pool, microteaching is an opportunity to practice at the shallower and less
risky side.
3. The Essence
of Education
According to
Freire, education is to liberate nature. Freire break down that education
should be loking at social reality. Education is not limited by the methods and
techniques for teaching students. Education fr freedom is not just using a
projector and other sophisicated technology means that something is offered to
students from any background. But as a social praxis, education seeks to
provide help free a man in the life of a choking objective of their oppression.
The same thing also expressed by Ki Hajar Dewantara, that education should be
liberating. Mangunwijaya who think education should be based on social reality.
Latin name
of education is educare, which means pulling out of, and this may be intrepeted
as an effort glorification. Word educare give direction to the glorification of
man, or the formation of man. In simple terms lexically education is a process
of liberation to make humans more humane. A more humane means noble man, who came
out of oppression and ignorance.
So, the essence of education is something that can free mankind from eppression
in the lives of strangling them to better glorification.
C.
The Model of Learning
1. Dick
and Carrey Model
One
model of learning is a model of Dick and Carrey (1985). This model is included
in the procedural models. Learning design measures according to Dick and Carrey
are:
a. Identify
common goals of learning;
b. Carry
out the analysis of learning;
c. Identify
the behavior and characteristics of student input;
d. Formulate
performance goals;
e. Develop
the points of reference benchmark test;
f. Develop
learning strategies;
g. Development
and selection of learning materials;
h. Designing
and implementing a formative evaluation;
i.
Revise learning materials; and
j.
Design and conduct summative evaluation.
2. Kemp
Model
In short, according to this model
there are several steps in the preparation of a teaching materials, namely:
a. Set
goals and a list of topica, learning to set goals for each general topic;
b. Analyzing
the characteristics of students, for whom learning is designed;
c. Establish
learning objectives to be achieved in terms of its impact can be used as a
benchmark for student behavior;
d. Determine
the content of the subject matter that can support each goal;
e. Development
of pre-assessment or initial assessment to determine the background level of
students and provision of knowledge on a topic;
f. Choosing
learning activities and fun learning resource or determine the teaching and
learning strategies, so their students will easyly complete the desired
objectives;
g. Coordinate
support services or facilities that include support personel, facilities,
equipment, and schedule for implementing the learning plan; and
h. Evaluate
student learning on condition that they complete the study and see the mistaken
and review some of the planning phase that requirescontinuous improvement,
evaluation of formative evaluation and summative evaluation.
